{ "description": "Same VM and WireGuard namespace, with and without namespace nftables. No host link. Root namespace probes, not application sandbox measurements.", "kernel": "6.18.48", "runs": [ { "iteration": 0, "mode": "confinement", "workload": "tcp", "result": { "start": { "connected": [ { "socket": 5, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 41066, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 } ], "version": "iperf 3.21", "system_info": "Linux runtime-wireguard-handshake 6.18.48 #1-NixOS SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Aug 28 06:22:54 UTC 2026 x86_64", "timestamp": { "time": "Mon, 07 Sep 2026 00:50:09 GMT", "timesecs": 1788742209, "timemillisecs": 1788742209821 }, "connecting_to": { "host": "10.71.216.232", "port": 5201 }, "cookie": "szjshtmn3qltzmdtxfnhvr43ifp6xsv22hlq", "tcp_mss_default": 1368, "target_bitrate": 0, "fq_rate": 0, "sock_bufsize": 0, "sndbuf_actual": 16384, "rcvbuf_actual": 131072, "test_start": { "protocol": "TCP", "num_streams": 1, "blksize": 131072, "omit": 0, "duration": 3, "bytes": 0, "blocks": 0, "reverse": 0, "tos": 0, "target_bitrate": 0, "bidir": 0, "fqrate": 0, "interval": 1, "gso": 0, "gro": 0 } }, "intervals": [ { "streams": [ { "socket": 5, "start": 0, "end": 1.000658, "seconds": 1.00065803527832, "bytes": 158597120, "bits_per_second": 1267942609.0323713, "retransmits": 0, "snd_cwnd": 1294128, "snd_wnd": 4190336, "rtt": 2945, "rttvar": 64, "pmtu": 1420, "reorder": 0, "omitted": false, "sender": true } ], "sum": { "start": 0, "end": 1.000658, "seconds": 1.00065803527832, "bytes": 158597120, "bits_per_second": 1267942609.0323713, "retransmits": 0, "omitted": false, "sender": true } }, { "streams": [ { "socket": 5, "start": 1.000658, "end": 2.000695, "seconds": 1.0000369548797607, "bytes": 130154496, "bits_per_second": 1041197490.6719251, "retransmits": 0, "snd_cwnd": 1294128, "snd_wnd": 4190336, "rtt": 2790, "rttvar": 429, "pmtu": 1420, "reorder": 0, "omitted": false, "sender": true } ], "sum": { "start": 1.000658, "end": 2.000695, "seconds": 1.0000369548797607, "bytes": 130154496, "bits_per_second": 1041197490.6719251, "retransmits": 0, "omitted": false, "sender": true } }, { "streams": [ { "socket": 5, "start": 2.000695, "end": 3.005026, "seconds": 1.0043309926986694, "bytes": 131989504, "bits_per_second": 1051362588.3063909, "retransmits": 0, "snd_cwnd": 1294128, "snd_wnd": 4190336, "rtt": 2800, "rttvar": 91, "pmtu": 1420, "reorder": 0, "omitted": false, "sender": true } ], "sum": { "start": 2.000695, "end": 3.005026, "seconds": 1.0043309926986694, "bytes": 131989504, "bits_per_second": 1051362588.3063909, "retransmits": 0, "omitted": false, "sender": true } } ], "end": { "streams": [ { "sender": { "socket": 5, "start": 0, "end": 3.005026, "seconds": 3.005026, "bytes": 420741120, "bits_per_second": 1120099779.50274, "retransmits": 0, "reorder": 0, "max_snd_cwnd": 1294128, "max_snd_wnd": 4190336, "max_rtt": 2945, "min_rtt": 2790, "mean_rtt": 2845, "sender": true }, "receiver": { "socket": 5, "start": 0, "end": 3.008683, "seconds": 3.005026, "bytes": 417726464, "bits_per_second": 1110722436.3616905, "sender": true } } ], "sum_sent": { "start": 0, "end": 3.005026, "seconds": 3.005026, "bytes": 420741120, "bits_per_second": 1120099779.50274, "retransmits": 0, "sender": true }, "sum_received": { "start": 0, "end": 3.008683, "seconds": 3.008683, "bytes": 417726464, "bits_per_second": 1110722436.3616905, "sender": true }, "cpu_utilization_percent": { "host_total": 2.649654273605344, "host_user": 0.050061887136889166, "host_system": 2.599592386468455, "remote_total": 18.93040183467943, "remote_user": 0.616678299597833, "remote_system": 18.313756772027787 }, "sender_tcp_congestion": "cubic", "receiver_tcp_congestion": "cubic" } } }, { "iteration": 0, "mode": "confinement", "workload": "tcp-four-streams", "result": { "start": { "connected": [ { "socket": 5, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 41088, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 }, { "socket": 7, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 41104, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 }, { "socket": 9, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 41108, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 }, { "socket": 11, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 41120, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 } ], "version": "iperf 3.21", "system_info": "Linux runtime-wireguard-handshake 6.18.48 #1-NixOS SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Aug 28 06:22:54 UTC 2026 x86_64", "timestamp": { "time": "Mon, 07 Sep 2026 00:50:12 GMT", "timesecs": 1788742212, "timemillisecs": 1788742212862 }, "connecting_to": { "host": "10.71.216.232", "port": 5201 }, "cookie": "qlud2fqo2yhtriqpzw6licua6ompdx563y63", "tcp_mss_default": 1368, "target_bitrate": 0, "fq_rate": 0, "sock_bufsize": 0, "sndbuf_actual": 16384, "rcvbuf_actual": 131072, "test_start": { "protocol": "TCP", "num_streams": 4, "blksize": 131072, "omit": 0, "duration": 3, "bytes": 0, "blocks": 0, "reverse": 0, "tos": 0, "target_bitrate": 0, "bidir": 0, "fqrate": 0, "interval": 1, "gso": 0, "gro": 0 } }, "intervals": [ { 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"sender": true }, "sum_received": { "start": 0, "end": 3.009386, "seconds": 3.009386, "bytes": 392560640, "bits_per_second": 1043563411.2739276, "sender": true }, "cpu_utilization_percent": { "host_total": 1.932480331576684, "host_user": 0.03359766152300094, "host_system": 1.8989159021620146, "remote_total": 19.34374446527173, "remote_user": 0.6695671273443572, "remote_system": 18.67414410878954 }, "sender_tcp_congestion": "cubic", "receiver_tcp_congestion": "cubic" } } }, { "iteration": 0, "mode": "confinement", "workload": "udp-100mbit", "result": { "start": { "connected": [ { "socket": 5, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 40686, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 } ], "version": "iperf 3.21", "system_info": "Linux runtime-wireguard-handshake 6.18.48 #1-NixOS SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Aug 28 06:22:54 UTC 2026 x86_64", "timestamp": { "time": "Mon, 07 Sep 2026 00:50:15 GMT", "timesecs": 1788742215, "timemillisecs": 1788742215928 }, "connecting_to": { "host": "10.71.216.232", "port": 5201 }, "cookie": "c23ns7d6cr4kgfy5usfull7nf5dl3mm3j6bd", "target_bitrate": 100000000, "fq_rate": 0, "sock_bufsize": 0, "sndbuf_actual": 212992, "rcvbuf_actual": 212992, "test_start": { "protocol": "UDP", "num_streams": 1, "blksize": 1368, "omit": 0, "duration": 3, "bytes": 0, "blocks": 0, "reverse": 0, "tos": 0, "target_bitrate": 100000000, "bidir": 0, "fqrate": 0, "interval": 1, "gso": 0, "gro": 0 } }, "intervals": [ { "streams": [ { "socket": 5, "start": 0, "end": 1.000876, "seconds": 1.0008759498596191, "bytes": 12510360, "bits_per_second": 99995289.1405148, "packets": 9146, "omitted": false, "sender": true } ], "sum": { "start": 0, "end": 1.000876, "seconds": 1.0008759498596191, "bytes": 12510360, "bits_per_second": 99995289.1405148, "packets": 9146, "omitted": false, "sender": true } }, { "streams": [ { "socket": 5, "start": 1.000876, "end": 2.000878, "seconds": 1.0000020265579224, "bytes": 12499416, "bits_per_second": 99995125.3540865, "packets": 9137, 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"10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 } ], "version": "iperf 3.21", "system_info": "Linux runtime-wireguard-handshake 6.18.48 #1-NixOS SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Aug 28 06:22:54 UTC 2026 x86_64", "timestamp": { "time": "Mon, 07 Sep 2026 00:50:18 GMT", "timesecs": 1788742218, "timemillisecs": 1788742218984 }, "connecting_to": { "host": "10.71.216.232", "port": 5201 }, "cookie": "622axxfcktcrhvcnydvkamixhw2znoef5tqu", "tcp_mss_default": 1368, "target_bitrate": 0, "fq_rate": 0, "sock_bufsize": 0, "sndbuf_actual": 16384, "rcvbuf_actual": 131072, "test_start": { "protocol": "TCP", "num_streams": 1, "blksize": 131072, "omit": 0, "duration": 3, "bytes": 0, "blocks": 0, "reverse": 0, "tos": 0, "target_bitrate": 0, "bidir": 0, "fqrate": 0, "interval": 1, "gso": 0, "gro": 0 } }, "intervals": [ { "streams": [ { "socket": 5, "start": 0, "end": 1.000806, "seconds": 1.0008059740066528, "bytes": 142213120, "bits_per_second": 1136788737.8262563, "retransmits": 0, "snd_cwnd": 767448, "snd_wnd": 1782144, 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"bits_per_second": 1063657328.2910297, "sender": true }, "cpu_utilization_percent": { "host_total": 2.781747327585891, "host_user": 0.098531383077701, "host_system": 2.683149369249354, "remote_total": 18.8101923627145, "remote_user": 0.595519299482996, "remote_system": 18.214706332466115 }, "sender_tcp_congestion": "cubic", "receiver_tcp_congestion": "cubic" } } }, { "iteration": 0, "mode": "wireguard-only", "workload": "tcp-four-streams", "result": { "start": { "connected": [ { "socket": 5, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 42478, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 }, { "socket": 7, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 42492, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 }, { "socket": 9, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 42506, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 }, { "socket": 11, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 42516, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 } ], "version": "iperf 3.21", 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00:50:28 GMT", "timesecs": 1788742228, "timemillisecs": 1788742228145 }, "connecting_to": { "host": "10.71.216.232", "port": 5201 }, "cookie": "dmy3cbce75c7i64s446awtvb6re3rnnptqjq", "tcp_mss_default": 1368, "target_bitrate": 0, "fq_rate": 0, "sock_bufsize": 0, "sndbuf_actual": 16384, "rcvbuf_actual": 131072, "test_start": { "protocol": "TCP", "num_streams": 1, "blksize": 131072, "omit": 0, "duration": 3, "bytes": 0, "blocks": 0, "reverse": 0, "tos": 0, "target_bitrate": 0, "bidir": 0, "fqrate": 0, "interval": 1, "gso": 0, "gro": 0 } }, "intervals": [ { "streams": [ { "socket": 5, "start": 0, "end": 1.000413, "seconds": 1.000412940979004, "bytes": 155058176, "bits_per_second": 1239953380.437163, "retransmits": 0, "snd_cwnd": 1077984, "snd_wnd": 4190336, "rtt": 2632, "rttvar": 104, "pmtu": 1420, "reorder": 0, "omitted": false, "sender": true } ], "sum": { "start": 0, "end": 1.000413, "seconds": 1.000412940979004, "bytes": 155058176, "bits_per_second": 1239953380.437163, "retransmits": 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0.37968276238927584, "remote_system": 18.423116819756682 }, "sender_tcp_congestion": "cubic", "receiver_tcp_congestion": "cubic" } } }, { "iteration": 1, "mode": "wireguard-only", "workload": "tcp-four-streams", "result": { "start": { "connected": [ { "socket": 5, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 58108, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 }, { "socket": 7, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 58120, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 }, { "socket": 9, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 58134, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 }, { "socket": 11, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 58146, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 } ], "version": "iperf 3.21", "system_info": "Linux runtime-wireguard-handshake 6.18.48 #1-NixOS SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Aug 28 06:22:54 UTC 2026 x86_64", "timestamp": { "time": "Mon, 07 Sep 2026 00:50:31 GMT", "timesecs": 1788742231, "timemillisecs": 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1, "mode": "wireguard-only", "workload": "udp-100mbit", "result": { "start": { "connected": [ { "socket": 5, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 34768, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 } ], "version": "iperf 3.21", "system_info": "Linux runtime-wireguard-handshake 6.18.48 #1-NixOS SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Aug 28 06:22:54 UTC 2026 x86_64", "timestamp": { "time": "Mon, 07 Sep 2026 00:50:34 GMT", "timesecs": 1788742234, "timemillisecs": 1788742234253 }, "connecting_to": { "host": "10.71.216.232", "port": 5201 }, "cookie": "iipc4cztigjcfbho43liwbwoktpid5g5vf6l", "target_bitrate": 100000000, "fq_rate": 0, "sock_bufsize": 0, "sndbuf_actual": 212992, "rcvbuf_actual": 212992, "test_start": { "protocol": "UDP", "num_streams": 1, "blksize": 1368, "omit": 0, "duration": 3, "bytes": 0, "blocks": 0, "reverse": 0, "tos": 0, "target_bitrate": 100000000, "bidir": 0, "fqrate": 0, "interval": 1, "gso": 0, "gro": 0 } }, "intervals": [ { "streams": [ { "socket": 5, "start": 0, 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1.000553011894226, "bytes": 12502152, "bits_per_second": 99961935.8604993, "packets": 9138, "omitted": false, "sender": true } } ], "end": { "streams": [ { "udp": { "socket": 5, "start": 0, "end": 3.001307, "seconds": 3.001307, "bytes": 37510560, "bits_per_second": 99984600.04258144, "jitter_ms": 0.04793083501079024, "lost_packets": 0, "packets": 27420, "lost_percent": 0, "out_of_order": 0, "sender": true } } ], "sum": { "start": 0, "end": 3.00156, "seconds": 3.00156, "bytes": 37510560, "bits_per_second": 99984600.04258144, "jitter_ms": 0.04793083501079024, "lost_packets": 0, "packets": 27420, "lost_percent": 0, "sender": true }, "sum_sent": { "start": 0, "end": 3.001307, "seconds": 3.001307, "bytes": 37510560, "bits_per_second": 99984600.04258144, "jitter_ms": 0, "lost_packets": 0, "packets": 27420, "lost_percent": 0, "sender": true }, "sum_received": { "start": 0, "end": 3.00156, "seconds": 3.00156, "bytes": 37510560, "bits_per_second": 99976172.390357, "jitter_ms": 0.04793083501079024, "lost_packets": 0, "packets": 27420, "lost_percent": 0, "sender": false }, "cpu_utilization_percent": { "host_total": 21.343776094829547, "host_user": 1.0699234013185352, "host_system": 20.273786077272838, "remote_total": 7.966773764960335, "remote_user": 1.17220659354132, "remote_system": 6.794567171419015 } } } }, { "iteration": 1, "mode": "confinement", "workload": "tcp", "result": { "start": { "connected": [ { "socket": 5, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 54518, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 } ], "version": "iperf 3.21", "system_info": "Linux runtime-wireguard-handshake 6.18.48 #1-NixOS SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Aug 28 06:22:54 UTC 2026 x86_64", "timestamp": { "time": "Mon, 07 Sep 2026 00:50:37 GMT", "timesecs": 1788742237, "timemillisecs": 1788742237325 }, "connecting_to": { "host": "10.71.216.232", "port": 5201 }, "cookie": "4upbj5t7t7z4mjfqjy6v3ngyerwo7b5wrk7l", "tcp_mss_default": 1368, "target_bitrate": 0, "fq_rate": 0, 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"connected": [ { "socket": 5, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 54530, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 }, { "socket": 7, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 54542, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 }, { "socket": 9, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 54550, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 }, { "socket": 11, "local_host": "10.71.216.231", "local_port": 54566, "remote_host": "10.71.216.232", "remote_port": 5201 } ], "version": "iperf 3.21", "system_info": "Linux runtime-wireguard-handshake 6.18.48 #1-NixOS SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Aug 28 06:22:54 UTC 2026 x86_64", "timestamp": { "time": "Mon, 07 Sep 2026 00:50:40 GMT", "timesecs": 1788742240, "timemillisecs": 1788742240363 }, "connecting_to": { "host": "10.71.216.232", "port": 5201 }, "cookie": "t76k3fue54wfewpb3cbipwguf6erszuxivew", "tcp_mss_default": 1368, "target_bitrate": 0, "fq_rate": 0, "sock_bufsize": 0, "sndbuf_actual": 16384, "rcvbuf_actual": 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